BOGOTA, Colombia – According to the newly released Gain Report from USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service, Colombian coffee production in marketing year 2023/24 is forecast to increase by about 3% up to 11.6 million bags of green bean equivalent (GBE) coffee driven by improving weather conditions. Excessive rainfall and cloudiness due to La Niña weather phenomena have negatively affected the crops over the last two season.
In MY 2023/24, coffee exports are seen at 12.1 million bags, a 2 percent increase, due to recovering production and the prioritization of exports by producers. The United States remains the largest importer of Colombian coffee with over 40 percent of the market share.
In MY 2023/24, Colombian coffee production is forecast at 11.6 million bags, a 2.7% increase from Post’s revised estimate for the previous marketing year. Improved weather conditions for coffee cultivation are likely to slightly increase production.
According to a recent report from the Colombian Institute of Meteorology (IDEAM), La Niña weather phenomena ended in early 2023. It is expected that neutral conditions will continue until El Niño weather phenomena develops with a 62 percent probability in the second half of 2023.
In MY 2022/23, Post’s revised coffee production estimate is 11.3 million bags, 10.3% down from USDA’s official estimate of 12.6 million bags. Excessive rains and cloudiness from La Niña weather phenomena extended longer than expected.
This, combined with lower levels of fertilization due to high prices, hindered productivity in MY 2022/23. As a result of high prices of traditional fertilizers, Colombian coffee producers have been looking for bio-fertilizer alternatives, such as coffee subproducts, to reduce input costs for primarily nitrogenous fertilizers. However, bio-fertilizers are not yet available at scale to producers.
In addition, high coffee prices have slowed down Colombia’s replanting program as coffee growers have preferred to harvest than renovate fields. According to the Colombia’s coffee growers association, Fedecafe, at the end of 2022 area planted with coffee trees younger than 24 months-old was 130,000 hectares (ha).
This is 40,000 ha short of Fedecafe’s target. Fedecafe has conducted campaigns among producers to incentivize coffee renovations as not renovating will impact productivity and profitability in the medium and long term.
During MY 2021/22, Colombian coffee domestic prices showed an upward trend, driven by high international prices, devaluation of the Colombian peso, and the high-quality differential that Colombian coffee receives in the market.
However, since October 2022, this trend reversed. International prices have moderately lowered as a result of better projections of the Brazilian harvest and the stabilization of international logistics chains. High production costs globally are limiting a more significant price decrease. Colombian coffee producers are working on producing high-quality and sustainable coffee to receive price differentials in the market.
In CY 2022, Fedecafe estimates there are approximately 840,000 hectares of coffee planted in Colombia by 540,000 families, with 685,000 hectares planted with “technified” young crops (between 3 to 7 years old), meaning planted using modern techniques such as the use of improved seeds.
Fedecafe estimates that 150,000 hectares are planted with technified old crops (more than 8 years old) and nearly 7,000 hectares are planted with traditional crop. Fedecafe estimates there are 130,000 hectares of unproductive coffee plantations younger than 2 years old due to the replanting program. According to industry, 86 percent of coffee area in Colombia is planted with rust-resistant varieties, compared to 35 percent in 2010.
While planting density increased to 5,287 trees per hectare, a record figure, productivity decreased 11.6 percent to 17.1 bags GBE per hectare. This decrease in productivity is mainly a result of adverse weather conditions and lower fertilization rates.
Consumption In MY 2023/24, Colombian coffee consumption is forecast to remain unchanged from Post’s revised figure from the previous marketing year at 2.2 million bags GBE. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Colombia’s economy is projected to grow 1.2 percent in 2023 and 1.7 percent in 2024. This, combined with Colombia’s high inflation rates and the Colombian peso devaluation, is likely to hinder consumption growth in the near future.
In MY 2022/23, Post’s revised coffee consumption estimate is at 2.2 million bags GBE, a 2 percent increase from USDA’s official estimate as coffee consumption started to stabilize and has been supported by increasing imports.
Colombia’s per capita coffee consumption is estimated at 2.8 kg. In 2022, Fedecafe launched a new campaign called “Look for the Colombian Coffee Quality Triangle” to promote consumption of Colombian coffee worldwide and locally in Colombia, where often consumers are unaware if they are consuming local or imported coffee.
The triangular “Café de Colombia” logo is a seal that guarantees that the content of the package is 100 percent Colombian coffee origin, produced with highest standards, and not mixed with other origins of inferior quality.
The use of the 100 percent “Café de Colombia” logo is subject to a brand license agreement and is linked to obtaining the authorization of use of the denomination or origin and the protected geographical indication. When the campaign started, there were approximately 790 brands around the world that have this triangular logo and now, an estimated 860 brands use this logo.
The major Colombian coffee brands are Juan Valdez, leading the market with 22 percent market share and 361 stores in Colombia, followed by Tostao with 19 percent of the market and 511 stores. Dunkin’ Donuts has 10 percent of the market and 205 stores, Starbucks has 6 percent of the market and 50 stores, and OMA has 4 percent of the market and 140 stores.
In MY 2023/24, coffee exports are forecast to slightly improve to 12.1 million bags GBE, which represents a 1.7 percent increase from Post’s revised figure for the previous marketing year. This is mainly a result of the projected recovery in production.
In MY 2022/23, Post’s revised coffee exports estimate is down 6.7 percent from 12.8 to 11.9 million bags GBE due to a contraction in production given adverse weather conditions and lower fertilization levels.
The United States continues to be the major destination for Colombian coffee with over 40 percent market share followed by the European Union, Japan, Canada, and others. In CY 2022, three new markets opened for Colombian coffee: Kuwait, Vietnam, and Malta.
Colombian coffee is exported to 41 countries. In MY 2021/22, coffee bean exports represented 89 percent of total Colombian exports followed by soluble coffee (9 percent) and roasted coffee (2 percent). Fedecafe exported an estimated 21 percent of Colombia’s total coffee exports in terms of value, with the remaining 79 percent exported by other private stakeholders.
In MY 2023/24, coffee imports are forecast to reach 2.6 million bags GBE to balance ongoing demand for exports and domestic consumption, while production slowly recovers.
For MY 2022/23, Post’s revised coffee imports are up 19 percent from 2.1 to 2.5 million bags GBE to supply domestic consumption as local production decreased. Since approximately four years ago, Brazil became the top coffee supplier for Colombian imports, accounting for 58 percent of total imports in MY 2021/22. Peru continues to be the second largest supplier with 22 percent imports followed by Honduras (9 percent) and Ecuador (4 percent).
Imports are primarily used to meet the demand for lower quality coffee in the Colombian market. Colombia primarily imports coffee beans (91 percent), followed by soluble coffee imports (8 percent), and roasted coffee (1 percent).
There is no government or Fedecafe policy to support large scale carry-over stocks of coffee. In MY 2023/24, ending stocks are forecast to fall to 420,000 bags GBE as exports are expected to recover faster than local production.
